習近(jin)平總書(shu)記前不(bu)久在安(an)徽鳳陽縣小崗村(cun)(cun)(cun)主持召開農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)革(ge)座(zuo)談會并(bing)發表重要講(jiang)話。農(nong)業部部長韓長賦在接受記者采訪時表示，總書(shu)記在小崗村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)重要講(jiang)話，是(shi)強農(nong)重農(nong)的(de)強烈信號，也是(shi)加快農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)革(ge)發展的(de)響(xiang)鼓重錘，更是(shi)推進(jin)農(nong)業現代(dai)化的(de)進(jin)軍號角，使我們進(jin)一步堅定了(le)推進(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)革(ge)發展穩定的(de)信心和決心。

深(shen)化農村土(tu)地制度改革(ge)和集體產權(quan)制度改革(ge)

問：當前和今后一個時期，農村(cun)改革應該把握哪些重點？

韓長(chang)賦：改(gai)革(ge)是農業農村發展的動(dong)力所(suo)在。我們要按照總(zong)書記(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)要講話精神和中(zhong)央部署要求，立(li)足當前，著眼長(chang)遠，抓好深化農村土地制度改(gai)革(ge)、農村集體產權(quan)制度改(gai)革(ge)這些(xie)打基礎、管長(chang)遠的重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)工作。

新形勢下深(shen)(shen)化(hua)農(nong)村改革的(de)(de)(de)主線仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)處理好農(nong)民(min)(min)與土(tu)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)關系。隨(sui)著工業化(hua)、城鎮化(hua)深(shen)(shen)入(ru)推進，土(tu)地(di)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)主體和(he)經營權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)主體發(fa)生事實(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離，這個重大(da)變(bian)化(hua)對土(tu)地(di)制度(du)設計提(ti)出了新要(yao)(yao)求。實(shi)(shi)現承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)經營權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)置(zhi)并行是(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)化(hua)農(nong)村土(tu)地(di)制度(du)改革的(de)(de)(de)方向和(he)重大(da)創(chuang)新，有利于保(bao)障和(he)實(shi)(shi)現農(nong)民(min)(min)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益、激(ji)發(fa)農(nong)村發(fa)展活(huo)力。“三(san)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)置(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)是(shi)(shi)“落實(shi)(shi)所有權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”，我(wo)們正在研(yan)究穩(wen)定農(nong)村土(tu)地(di)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)關系并保(bao)持長久不變(bian)問題，對二(er)輪延包(bao)到期(qi)后承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)期(qi)限、延包(bao)方式等提(ti)出具體意見。“三(san)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)置(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)基礎是(shi)(shi)“穩(wen)定承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”，通過(guo)開展承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)地(di)確權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)登(deng)記頒證，真正讓(rang)農(nong)民(min)(min)吃上“定心丸”。“三(san)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)置(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)核心是(shi)(shi)“放活(huo)經營權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”，要(yao)(yao)鼓勵探索創(chuang)新，尊(zun)重農(nong)民(min)(min)選擇，發(fa)展土(tu)地(di)流(liu)轉、土(tu)地(di)托管、土(tu)地(di)入(ru)股等多種形式的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業適(shi)度(du)規模(mo)經營。

農(nong)村(cun)集體(ti)產權(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改革是繼農(nong)村(cun)家(jia)庭聯產承包責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)后的(de)重大(da)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)創(chuang)新，管(guan)長遠、管(guan)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)、管(guan)全局。推進這項改革，有利(li)于(yu)形(xing)成創(chuang)新發展的(de)農(nong)村(cun)產權(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，有利(li)于(yu)完善農(nong)村(cun)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)經(jing)營(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，有利(li)于(yu)增(zeng)進農(nong)民財產權(quan)(quan)益，讓(rang)廣大(da)農(nong)民群(qun)眾(zhong)共享改革發展成果。按照中央要求，當務之(zhi)急是要把(ba)家(jia)底摸清，把(ba)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)框(kuang)架建立起來。要抓緊出臺改革文(wen)件并搞好試點，積極探索(suo)股(gu)份量(liang)化到(dao)集體(ti)成員(yuan)并實行(xing)股(gu)份合作制(zhi)(zhi)改革，推動構建歸屬清晰(xi)、權(quan)(quan)能完整、流轉(zhuan)順暢、保護嚴格的(de)農(nong)村(cun)集體(ti)產權(quan)(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，實現城鄉要素(su)平等交換，增(zeng)加農(nong)民的(de)財產性收入。

構建“三大體(ti)系”加快推進農(nong)業現代化

問：農業部在推進農業現代(dai)化方面有哪些思路和舉措(cuo)？

韓長賦：要以(yi)構建現(xian)代農業產業體系、生產體系、經營(ying)體系為抓手，加快(kuai)推進農業現(xian)代化。

一是(shi)要推進農(nong)業(ye)供給側結構性改革，構建(jian)現代農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)體系。以(yi)市場需求為導(dao)向，調(diao)優、調(diao)高、調(diao)精農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)。去年以(yi)來(lai)，農(nong)業(ye)部先后對(dui)種植業(ye)、畜牧業(ye)、漁業(ye)結構調(diao)整進行了部署(shu)，下一步，我們將(jiang)加大工(gong)作力度，狠抓措施落實，打好農(nong)業(ye)結構調(diao)整“組合拳”。

二是要強化(hua)物(wu)質技(ji)術(shu)裝備支撐，構建現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業生產體系。用現(xian)(xian)代設施、裝備、技(ji)術(shu)手段(duan)武裝農(nong)業，發展綠(lv)色(se)生產，提(ti)高農(nong)業良種化(hua)、機械化(hua)、科技(ji)化(hua)、信(xin)息化(hua)、標準化(hua)水平。

三是(shi)要發(fa)展適度規模(mo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)，構(gou)建現(xian)代農業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)體(ti)系。推動家庭經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)、集(ji)體(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)、合作經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)和(he)企業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)共同發(fa)展，提高(gao)農業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)集(ji)約化(hua)、規模(mo)化(hua)、組織(zhi)化(hua)、社會化(hua)、產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)水平。重點(dian)是(shi)培育新(xin)型農業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)和(he)新(xin)型職業(ye)(ye)農民，發(fa)展農業(ye)(ye)生產性服務業(ye)(ye)，要抓緊研究完善新(xin)型經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)扶持政策(ce)，探索多種形式的(de)適度規模(mo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)，解決“誰(shui)來種地”和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)效益不(bu)高(gao)問(wen)題。

堅持和完善農村基本經營制度不動搖

問：推進農(nong)村改革發展應重(zhong)點做好哪(na)些(xie)工作？

韓長賦：維護農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)和(he)諧穩(wen)定(ding)，首(shou)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)穩(wen)定(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營制(zhi)度(du)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營制(zhi)度(du)不僅是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)，也是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會治理機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎，牽(qian)一(yi)發(fa)而動(dong)全身。深化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)改革，最大的(de)(de)(de)政策就是(shi)必須堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)和(he)完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營制(zhi)度(du)，絕不能動(dong)搖。要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)集(ji)體所(suo)有(you)，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)家庭經(jing)(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎性地(di)位，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)穩(wen)定(ding)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)承包關系，這三條“硬杠杠”必須要(yao)(yao)把(ba)握好(hao)。特別是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)制(zhi)度(du)改革，必須審慎穩(wen)妥(tuo)推進，一(yi)時(shi)看不清的(de)(de)(de)，不要(yao)(yao)急著去動(dong)，有(you)點歷史(shi)耐心，不能操之過急。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生存根(gen)本(ben)和(he)情感依賴，是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)“命(ming)根(gen)子”，只有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)承包關系穩(wen)定(ding)了，人(ren)心才能穩(wen)定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)制(zhi)度(du)改革，一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)尊重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)意愿，不搞強迫命(ming)令，確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)權益不受損(sun)害。

維護農(nong)(nong)村(cun)和諧穩定，必(bi)須(xu)穩定行之(zhi)有(you)效的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)穩，人心(xin)穩，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)穩。要通過不斷加大和完善扶(fu)持政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，讓農(nong)(nong)民(min)得(de)到更(geng)多(duo)實惠(hui)，有(you)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)“獲得(de)感”。“十二(er)五”我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟發展創造了又一個(ge)歷(li)史最好時期，證明這些年中央的(de)(de)一系列強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)惠(hui)農(nong)(nong)富農(nong)(nong)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)是(shi)行之(zhi)有(you)效的(de)(de)，必(bi)須(xu)長期堅(jian)持，不斷完善。

維(wei)護農(nong)(nong)(nong)村和諧穩定(ding)，還(huan)要大(da)力(li)促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)就業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)就業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)村最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)，只(zhi)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)有(you)活干，“錢(qian)袋子”真正鼓起來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村和諧穩定(ding)才有(you)基礎。要把支持農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)就業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)，特(te)別是返鄉農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)作為(wei)促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)重點。廣辟農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)渠道，挖掘農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)潛(qian)力(li)，大(da)力(li)發(fa)展休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、電子商務(wu)等新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，培育新(xin)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入增(zeng)(zeng)長點，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)持續較快增(zeng)(zeng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。
 

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