對種子(zi)法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)情況進(jin)行(xing)監督是十(shi)二屆全(quan)國人大常委會26次執(zhi)法(fa)檢查的(de)(de)(de)收官之作。關于(yu)檢查種子(zi)法(fa)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)情況的(de)(de)(de)報告中毫不避(bi)諱地指(zhi)出了當前我(wo)國在種質資源保護方面不容樂觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)形勢。這(zhe)一問題(ti)在實(shi)(shi)施(shi)鄉(xiang)村振興戰(zhan)略、推動農業轉型(xing)升(sheng)級的(de)(de)(de)大背景下，的(de)(de)(de)確需要得到更好的(de)(de)(de)解決。

　　萬物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為先(xian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業是(shi)保障(zhang)國(guo)家糧食安全和主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)有效供給的重要(yao)基(ji)礎，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源則是(shi)基(ji)礎中的基(ji)礎，現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業發展、農(nong)業科技原始創新都離不開種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源已被世界各國(guo)及(ji)有關國(guo)際(ji)組織(zhi)公認為國(guo)家的重要(yao)戰略資(zi)源。

　　以全國(guo)人大(da)常委會執法(fa)檢查組在海(hai)南檢查時看到的珍貴(gui)種質(zhi)資源普(pu)通野生(sheng)稻(dao)為例，它們看著不起眼(yan)，卻蘊藏著大(da)量的優(you)良基(ji)因(yin)。利(li)用(yong)各(ge)種手段引入野生(sheng)稻(dao)基(ji)因(yin)是水(shui)稻(dao)改良品種、提高單(dan)產(chan)的關鍵所在。當年袁隆平團隊就是利(li)用(yong)在海(hai)南發(fa)現的一(yi)株花粉敗育型普(pu)通野生(sheng)稻(dao)，成功培育出了雜交水(shui)稻(dao)。可(ke)以說，沒有(you)這些種質(zhi)資源，我國(guo)水(shui)稻(dao)育種很難取得如此大(da)的成就。

　　這些年(nian)，我國(guo)在種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源保(bao)護上下了不少功(gong)夫，已保(bao)存農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源48萬份(fen)、草(cao)種(zhong)6000多份(fen)、菌(jun)種(zhong)8000多份(fen)、煙草(cao)種(zhong)5600多份(fen)。全國(guo)第3次種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源普查和采集工作(zuo)進展(zhan)順利，新發(fa)現(xian)作(zuo)物種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源2.5萬份(fen)，創制多抗、肥水高效利用(yong)資(zi)(zi)源1500多份(fen)。有關部(bu)(bu)門(men)還對所保(bao)存的種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源進行了基(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)藝性(xing)狀(zhuang)鑒定，篩選出一批高產(chan)、優質和抗逆性(xing)強的種(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源，對部(bu)(bu)分特異(yi)資(zi)(zi)源進行了基(ji)因(yin)組(zu)測序與(yu)功(gong)能(neng)基(ji)因(yin)研究，為農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物育(yu)種(zhong)與(yu)基(ji)礎研究提(ti)供了支撐。

　　雖說如(ru)此(ci)，關(guan)于檢查種(zhong)子法實施(shi)情況的(de)報告中依然指出(chu)，當前種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源保護(hu)形(xing)勢不(bu)容樂觀。這主要是因為(wei)種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源保護(hu)與利(li)用尚不(bu)能完全適應現代種(zhong)業(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)需要，面(mian)臨一些新的(de)挑(tiao)戰：比如(ru)，隨著城鎮化(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)、工業(ye)化(hua)(hua)進程加速，受(shou)氣候變(bian)化(hua)(hua)、環境污染、外來物種(zhong)入侵等因素影響，導(dao)致(zhi)我國種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源本底(di)不(bu)清(qing)、地方品種(zhong)和(he)野生(sheng)種(zhong)等特有種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源喪(sang)失嚴(yan)重，如(ru)廣(guang)西壯(zhuang)族自治區1981年還有野生(sheng)稻分(fen)布點1342個(ge)，目前僅剩300余個(ge)。

　　又比(bi)如，優異資源和基因資源發(fa)掘利(li)用滯后，現有48萬份種質(zhi)資源精準(zhun)鑒定不(bu)足2％，難以滿足品種選(xuan)育對優異新種質(zhi)和新基因的需求，資源優勢(shi)尚(shang)未轉化為經濟優勢(shi)。

　　再比如(ru)，資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)鑒定設施不(bu)完(wan)善，種(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)原生境(jing)和非原生境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)力度仍需加(jia)強。像海南省(sheng)雖已建(jian)(jian)立一(yi)些野(ye)生稻原生境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)點，但因建(jian)(jian)設資(zi)金投入偏低，基礎設施簡(jian)陋，且缺乏后續維(wei)護(hu)(hu)資(zi)金和對(dui)看(kan)護(hu)(hu)人員的(de)補助資(zi)金，致(zhi)使長期持續保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)壓力不(bu)斷增加(jia)。

　　面對這樣(yang)的(de)(de)現實(shi)和(he)未來(lai)種(zhong)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)更(geng)高需(xu)求(qiu)，我們(men)唯有(you)切實(shi)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起來(lai)，增加(jia)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存數(shu)量(liang)、豐富多樣(yang)性，為今后選(xuan)育農作物(wu)(wu)新(xin)品種(zhong)、發展現代種(zhong)業(ye)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障糧食安全盡可能(neng)提供(gong)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)和(he)技(ji)術支撐。目前，我們(men)可以(yi)努力做到的(de)(de)是(shi)：加(jia)快(kuai)已獲批復的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)作物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)質(zhi)庫(ku)建(jian)設進度，鼓勵和(he)支持有(you)條件的(de)(de)地方建(jian)設種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)庫(ku)圃(pu)，加(jia)強(qiang)地方品種(zhong)的(de)(de)普查、收(shou)集、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存和(he)利(li)用(yong)，依法明確(que)國(guo)家(jia)重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)野生種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)范圍，加(jia)強(qiang)原生境保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，防止資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流失。在資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障上(shang)，加(jia)大種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)普查和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)投(tou)入，設立(li)(li)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)精準鑒定(ding)專項經(jing)(jing)費(fei)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)創(chuang)新(xin)。利(li)用(yong)好(hao)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，人才(cai)是(shi)關(guan)鍵。充分調動(dong)(dong)(dong)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工作者的(de)(de)積極性和(he)創(chuang)造(zao)性，需(xu)要建(jian)立(li)(li)科(ke)學合理的(de)(de)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)績效(xiao)考核和(he)人才(cai)評價機制(zhi)，重點支持對農作物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)利(li)用(yong)貢獻突出的(de)(de)優(you)秀人才(cai)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)團隊，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)創(chuang)新(xin)種(zhong)質(zhi)及相關(guan)技(ji)術納入種(zhong)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果產權交(jiao)易平臺掛牌交(jiao)易，提高資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共享利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率，讓珍貴的(de)(de)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)得(de)到有(you)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)，結出更(geng)豐碩(shuo)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)果。