下決(jue)心把我國種(zhong)業搞上去，保護好種(zhong)質(zhi)資源，政策加勁、市場發(fa)力，讓多樣(yang)化(hua)種(zhong)子適應多元化(hua)市場，保障“舌(she)尖(jian)上的(de)優質(zhi)”

“一粒種(zhong)(zhong)子可以改變世(shi)界。”種(zhong)(zhong)子是(shi)農(nong)業的“芯(xin)片(pian)”，現代種(zhong)(zhong)業是(shi)國家戰(zhan)略性、基礎性產業。盡管我國物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富，但許多地方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)正在快速消失。據第三次全國農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)普查初步(bu)調(diao)查，在湖北(bei)、湖南、廣西等(deng)6省(sheng)份375個縣(xian)，71.8%的糧(liang)食作(zuo)物(wu)地方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)消失，其中不(bu)乏(fa)優質(zhi)、抗病、耐瘠薄的特性品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)保護面臨新挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。

老品種(zhong)漸(jian)漸(jian)淡(dan)出，原因在生產力發展、市場變化(hua)、氣候變化(hua)等因素。在基層采訪常聽農民說，過去種(zhong)地，年(nian)復一(yi)年(nian)留種(zhong)，品種(zhong)代(dai)代(dai)相傳。現(xian)在都是(shi)企業育種(zhong)，大家直(zhi)接去市場上(shang)買，更方便，誰(shui)還自己留種(zhong)？許多老品種(zhong)產量低，逐步被高產的新品種(zhong)替代(dai)了。

新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加快更新(xin)(xin)換代(dai)，難掩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的尷(gan)尬。一方面，我國(guo)農(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)達40多(duo)(duo)(duo)萬份，審定的主要農(nong)作(zuo)物品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2萬多(duo)(duo)(duo)個；另一方面，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子企業(ye)(ye)自主研(yan)發能(neng)力不強，許多(duo)(duo)(duo)資源(yuan)(yuan)沉(chen)睡在庫里(li)，沒能(neng)成(cheng)為田間推廣的良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。為啥？長(chang)期以(yi)來，商業(ye)(ye)性育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)投(tou)入(ru)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)收集、創新(xin)(xin)等基(ji)礎性投(tou)入(ru)少，不少企業(ye)(ye)“只買(mai)不研(yan)”，依(yi)靠(kao)代(dai)繁和貼牌生存。這(zhe)就(jiu)造成(cheng)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數量多(duo)(duo)(duo)，突破性品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少；高產品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，高品質的少。“國(guo)外種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子按粒賣，國(guo)產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子論斤(jin)賣”，這(zhe)樣的現(xian)實不改變，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)就(jiu)會(hui)絆住現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)腳步。

如今(jin)，市場需求更加多元，從求數量(liang)到求質量(liang)、求特色(se)，高產(chan)已經不是(shi)農(nong)民增收(shou)的唯一(yi)途徑，有機、綠(lv)色(se)等高品質成了新發(fa)展方向(xiang)。深入推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)供給(gei)側結構性改革(ge)，給(gei)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)提出新課題。得下決心把(ba)我國種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)搞上(shang)去，保護(hu)好種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)，讓多樣化(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)子適應多元化(hua)(hua)市場，保障“舌尖上(shang)優質”。

 事實上(shang)，老品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)并(bing)非就(jiu)該淘汰(tai)。江蘇的“棠梨”，抗腐爛病能(neng)力較強，可用作嫁接(jie)梨樹的砧(zhen)木；浙(zhe)江寧(ning)海縣發現(xian)的“御田胭脂米(mi)”，維生素(su)、鎂、硒等含量(liang)遠高于普(pu)通稻米(mi)；廣西(xi)的一些野生稻品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，具有很(hen)強的抗倒伏(fu)能(neng)力……不(bu)少品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)具有綠(lv)色、優質(zhi)特性，蘊(yun)藏著大量(liang)的優良基因(yin)，是珍貴的物種(zhong)資源。通過(guo)科學培育，提純(chun)復壯，老種(zhong)子也能(neng)煥發新(xin)活力。

保(bao)護(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)，政策要(yao)再加把勁。鼓勵和(he)支(zhi)持有(you)條(tiao)件的地方建(jian)設種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)庫，加強(qiang)地方品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的普(pu)查、收集、保(bao)存和(he)利用(yong)(yong)，加強(qiang)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)生態環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)，防(fang)止資源(yuan)(yuan)流失。加大種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)投入(ru)，設立(li)精準(zhun)鑒定(ding)專項經費，推動種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)創新(xin)。利用(yong)(yong)好(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)，人才是關鍵。推進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業權益改革，建(jian)立(li)科(ke)學合理的人才評價機制，將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)創新(xin)技術(shu)納入(ru)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業科(ke)技成果產權交易平臺，讓珍(zhen)貴(gui)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)得到有(you)效(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)。

保(bao)護種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)，要讓(rang)市場充(chong)分(fen)發揮資源(yuan)配置作用。破除制度藩(fan)籬，解(jie)決(jue)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創新與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)“兩張皮”問(wen)題，讓(rang)更(geng)多企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成為(wei)(wei)育種(zhong)(zhong)研(yan)發主(zhu)體(ti)，讓(rang)科(ke)技真(zhen)正長(chang)在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)里，為(wei)(wei)更(geng)多農產(chan)品(pin)裝上優質“中國芯(xin)”。政策引(yin)導，加快培育“育繁(fan)推一體(ti)化”企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，構建以(yi)(yi)大型現(xian)代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集團為(wei)(wei)龍頭、以(yi)(yi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)支撐、以(yi)(yi)服務型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)配套的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群，實(shi)現(xian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)強(qiang)聯合，讓(rang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從“小作坊”向“大工廠”轉變，選育出一批具有(you)自主(zhu)知(zhi)識產(chan)權的(de)(de)突(tu)破性綠色優質專用新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、新技術，為(wei)(wei)保(bao)障糧食安全、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)供(gong)給側結構性改革提供(gong)更(geng)加有(you)力的(de)(de)基礎保(bao)障。

良種還需良法，同樣優良的種子，不同的人種植有不同結果，說明種子是前提，技術是關鍵。為此，本公司組織技術人員編寫了一本通俗易懂的栽培技術要點，希望對引種者有一定的實際幫助。
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